Qhov xwm txheej ntawm cov pa phem thiab qhov nrawm ntawm cov paug tsis yog nyob ntawm cov khoom noj khoom haus dej, thiab cov paug tsis huv. Yog ntsuas kev ntsuas tsis raug coj los siv sijhawm, cov kev paug yuav ua rau kev ua tau zoo ntawm lub sijhawm luv luv. Kev sim ua ntu zus ntawm qhov kev ua tau zoo tag nrho ntawm lub system yog txoj hauv kev zoo kom paub meej tias daim nyias nyias cov kab mob. Cov pa paug txawv muaj cov qib sib txawv ntawm kev puas tsuaj rau kev ua tau zoo ntawm membrrane ntsiab.
🚫 Tshem tawm cov khib nyiab
Tshem tawm cov khib nyiab feem ntau pom nyob hauv cov dej saum npoo av thiab dej khib nyiab, nrog qhov loj dua li 1μm (colloids yuav tsawg dua 1μm). Hauv kev daws teeb meem tsis sib haum, cov khib nyiab tshem tawm tuaj yeem khom, thaum colloids nyob tau. Tom qab pretreaticment, qhov kev ua kom huv yuav tsum raug txo kom tsawg dua 1ntu, thiab 15-feeb sdi tus nqi yuav tsum tsawg dua 5.
🚫 Colloadal Pollingants
Colloidal cov pa paug muaj nyob hauv cov dej saum npoo av lossis dej khib nyiab, feem ntau yog nyob ntawm sab xub ntiag Nyob rau hauv kev daws teeb meem tsis muaj kev tshem tawm, cov lus tseem pheej muab ncua thiab tuaj yeem yog monomers lossis cov tebchaw nyuaj uas muaj cov organic lossis inorganic. Inorganic components may be silica, iron, aluminum, sulfur, and organic components may be tannins, lignin, and humus. Tom qab pretreaticment, qhov kev ua kom huv yuav tsum raug txo kom tsawg dua 1ntu, thiab 15-feeb sdi tus nqi yuav tsum tsawg dua 5.
🚫 Organic kuab paug
Organic cov pa phem feem ntau yog nthuav tawm ntawm sab xub ntiag Lawv feem ntau yog adsorbed ntawm daim nyias nyias. Cov teeb meem humus humus humus matus humus yog los ntawm cov nroj tsuag lwj thiab feem ntau tau them. Muaj tsis muaj qhov tseeb ntawm cov kabmob carbon) cov organic cov ntsiab lus rau tus nqi ntawm tus mob Osmosistse lub zog thaum tus neeg sib raug zoo yog 2x10-5.
🚫 Roj ntsha olutants
Cov neeg muaj kuab lom lom neeg muaj nyob hauv cov dej saum npoo av lossis dej khib nyiab. Lawv cov yam ntxwv yog tias lawv yooj yim los ua cov pa paug nyob tom hauv ntej ntawm cov kab mob Osmosis Rov qab thaum pib, thiab tom qab ntawd ua rau tag nrho cov kab mob Osmosis. Cov pa phem ua cov kab mob, bioflms, algae, thiab fungi, thiab lawv cov ntsiab lus ceeb toom yog 10,000 CFU (colony tsim units) ib lub milliliter. Yog li ntawd, kev ua haujlwm muaj tsiaj txhu yuav tsum tau tswj hwm.